1 Hardware Conflict:
The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.
For example, a scanner usually connects internally on IRQ 6. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 5. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself. If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both the device at a time it has a possible to crash. This may also result to BSD (Blue screen death).
So go to * Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.
Often if a device has a problem a yellow ‘!’ icon appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it. Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as ‘IRQ holder for PCI steering’. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove that faulty device and reinstall it.This is the best thing to prevent from conflict.
When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity. And main thing before opening have some hardware knowledge and beware of warranty seal. Means once the warranty seal is gone then you can’t claim the warranty of that product unless it expires.
2 Bad Ram
Ram (random-access memory) problems might bring on the blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception Error. A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.
But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example if one slot contains 1GB ram with 667 MHZ and other 1 GB 386GHZ these type Ram gets conflict so please use same MHZ Ram which is supported by your motherboard. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked.
3 BIOS settings
Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access these settings is to press the F2 or Del button during the first few seconds of a boot-up.
Once inside the BIOS, care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, which may also damage your motherboard.
4 Hard disk drives
It is a device to store data and it should be maintain at least in a month like running defragmentation or deleting temporary files scanning antivirus programs etc. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk once in a month or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze.
Go to
* Start->Programs->Accessories->System Tools->Disk Defragmenter
This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler.
And another thing is to optimize your hard disk to run smoothly and efficiently
* Start->Settings->Control Panel->System Icon->Performance->File System->Hard Disk.
Hard disk sometimes gets full due to temporary files or cache files.
So strict instruction is to go to Start->Run->click on temp and %temp% also
* Delete all the files inside the folder
And once again go to Start->Run->prefetch
* Clear the files inside it
After these three process empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space.
Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to
* Start-Programs->Accessories->System Tools->Scandisk.
5 Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors
Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.
These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. Go to
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings
Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the color settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high color 16-bit depth is adequate.
If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict. Go to
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager
Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts. If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse.
The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message.
Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics
Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device).
6 Viruses
The name says it all Virtual information resource under sage.A virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it impossible to start. This is why it is a good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to
* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove Programs
Here, look for the Start up Disk tab. Virus protection requires constant vigilance.
A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer.
An excellent anti virus programme is Sophos or Kaspersky for internet users nowadays
7 Printers
The action of sending a document to print creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file. Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer or Spool in some cases. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer’s performance. If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognized, and can crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer’s default settings and you may be able to carry on.
8 Software
A common cause of computer crash is faulty or badly-installed software. Often the problem can be cured by uninstalling the software and then reinstalling it. Use Tuneup utilities to Uninstall or remove an application from your system properly. This will also remove references to the programme in the System Registry and leaves the way clear for a completely fresh copy.
The System Registry can be corrupted by old references to obsolete software that you thought was uninstalled.
Often a Windows problem can be resolved by entering Safe Mode. This can be done during start-up. When you see the message “Starting Windows” press F4 or F8. This should take you into Safe Mode. Safe Mode loads a minimum of drivers. It allows you to find and fix problems that prevent Windows from loading properly.
Remember to restore all the BIOS settings back to their former settings following installation.
9 Overheating
Central processing units (CPUs) are usually equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails or if the CPU gets old it may start to overheat and generate a particular kind of error called a kernel error. This is a common problem in chips that have been overclocked to operate at higher speeds than they are supposed to.
One remedy is to get a bigger better fan and install it on top of the CPU. Specialist cooling fans/heatsinks are available in computer hardware shop CPU problems can often be fixed by disabling the CPU internal cache in the BIOS. This will make the machine run more slowly, but it should also be more stable.
10 Power supply problems
With day to day power cut problems data get losed or Hard disk gets crashed to come out from it Ups is setup to prevent data loss. A power surge or spike can crash a computer as easily as a power cut.
If this has become a nonsense for you then consider buying a uninterrupted power supply (UPS). This will give you a clean power supply when there is electricity, and it will give you a few minutes to perform a controlled shutdown in case of a power cut.
It is a good investment if your data are critical, because a power cut will cause any unsaved data to be lost.
Note : Fatal error: the system has become unstable or is busy,” it says. “Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. And if your Pc gets hanged while BIOS load try to remove RAM and CMOS Battery and Storage Devices such as CD/DVD Rom./Writer and Harddisk etc and restart the PC that time what happenes it restore the settings and memory will be freed up.
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